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Question 1
Correct
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Lipid- lowering drugs like Lovastatin reduce cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting which enzyme?
Your Answer: HMG-CoA reductase
Explanation:Statins, also known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are a class of lipid-lowering medications. Statins have been found to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in those who are at high risk.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Metabolism
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Question 2
Incorrect
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Psoriatic arthropathy most commonly presents with which of the following types of arthritis?
Your Answer: Psoriatic spondylitis
Correct Answer: Peripheral asymmetric oligoarthropathy
Explanation:Most patients with psoriatic arthritis present with monoarthritis or asymmetric oligoarthritis. The most common form of the disease is the one involving a few joints of the peripheral skeleton with a distinct asymmetry of symptoms. Involvement of the smaller joints of the hands and feet, especially distal interphalangeal joints, seems to be a characteristic feature. Arthritis mutilans is a rare and severe complication of psoriatic arthritis.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Connective Tissue
- Medicine
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Question 3
Incorrect
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Which of the following is not a cause of drug-induced hepatitis?
Your Answer: Methyldopa
Correct Answer: Ethambutol
Explanation:Although rare, ocular toxicity in the form of optic neuritis (most commonly retrobulbar neuritis) has been well documented as a side effect of ethambutol. It is renally excreted and not associated with hepatitis.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Pharmacology
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Question 4
Incorrect
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Among the following which is the beneficial effect of nitro-glycerine?
Your Answer: Increase of left ventricular preload
Correct Answer: Dilation of systemic veins
Explanation:Dilation of systemic veins is a beneficial effect of nitro-glycerine.Administration of nitro-glycerine results in the dilation of systemic veins and decrease of myocardial wall tension and oxygen demand. Dilatation of systemic veins can cause reduced systemic vascular resistance leading to reduced cardiac workload thus reducing anginal symptoms secondary to demand ischemia.This is accompanied by vasodilation of large and medium-sized coronary arteries with increased coronary blood flow to the sub endocardium.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Medicine
- Pharmacology
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Question 5
Incorrect
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Stem cell characteristics include the following except
Your Answer: Ability to proliferate / differentiate outside the bone marrow in an adult during times of stress/disease of the bone marrow
Correct Answer: Differentiation and proliferation into progenitor cells committed to multiple cell lines
Explanation:The classical definition of a stem cell requires that it possess two properties:Self-renewal: the ability to go through numerous cycles of cell division while maintaining the undifferentiated state.Potency: the capacity to differentiate into specialized cell types. In the strictest sense, this requires stem cells to be either totipotent or pluripotent to be able to give rise to any mature cell type
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Haematology
- Medicine
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Question 6
Incorrect
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The V wave in the jugular pulse is caused by:
Your Answer: Ventricular contraction
Correct Answer: Atrial filling
Explanation:The v wave reflects the passive increase in pressure and volume of the right atrium as it fills in late systole and early diastole.
The jugular vein pulsations usually have two elevations and two troughs. The first elevation (a wave) corresponds to the slight rise in atrial pressure resulting from atrial contraction. The first descent (x descent) reflects a fall in atrial pressure that starts with atrial relaxation. The second elevation (v wave) corresponds to ventricular systole when blood is entering the right atrium from the vena cavae while the tricuspid valve is closed. Finally, the second descent (y descent) reflects falling right atrial pressure as the tricuspid valve opens and blood drains from the atrium into the ventricle.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Cardiovascular
- Medicine
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Question 7
Incorrect
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Transport of Ca2+ into the reticulum to initiate cardiac muscle relaxation in via:
Your Answer: Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
Correct Answer: Serca (sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase)
Explanation:Phosphorylation of phospholamban, which increases calcium ATPase activity and sequestration of calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. An increased rate of relaxation is explained because cAMP also activates the protein phospholamban, situated on the membrane of the SR, that controls the rate of uptake of calcium into the SR. The latter effect explains enhanced relaxation (lusitropic effect).
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Cardiovascular
- Medicine
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Question 8
Correct
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Complement system help dispose waste products after which natural process?
Your Answer: Apoptosis
Explanation:The complement system is a part of the immune system that enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism or apoptosis. It is part of the innate immune system.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Immunology
- Medicine
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Question 9
Correct
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The positive inotropic effect of digoxin is due to?
Your Answer: Inhibition of the sodium potassium ATPase in the myocardium
Explanation:Digitalis compounds are potent inhibitors of cellular Na+/K+-ATPase. This ion transport system moves sodium ions out of the cell and brings potassium ions into the cell. By inhibiting the Na+/K+-ATPase, cardiac glycosides cause the intracellular sodium concentration to increase. This then leads to an accumulation of intracellular calcium via the Na+/Ca++ exchange system. In the heart, increased intracellular calcium causes more calcium to be released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, thereby making more calcium available to bind to troponin-C, which increases contractility (inotropy).
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Cardiovascular
- Medicine
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Question 10
Incorrect
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Myocardium requires more oxygen to expel blood in:
Your Answer: A stenotic pulmonary valve
Correct Answer: A stenotic aortic valve
Explanation:In aortic valve stenosis, increased ventricular pressure Is needed to expel the blood into the aorta. Increased pressure means increased contractility hence increase O2 consumption by the heart muscles.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Cardiovascular
- Medicine
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SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
