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  • Question 1 - Which one of the following dimensions relates to the greatest diameter of the...

    Incorrect

    • Which one of the following dimensions relates to the greatest diameter of the fetal head?

      Your Answer: Occipitofrontal

      Correct Answer: Occipitomental

      Explanation:

      Occipitomental diameter is the greatest diameter of the fetal scalp and runs from chin to the prominent portion on the occiput. It measure about 12.5cm in diameter.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      15.6
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Which spinal segment is the lumbar plexus derived from? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which spinal segment is the lumbar plexus derived from?

      Your Answer: L1-L5

      Correct Answer: T12-L4

      Explanation:

      The lumbar plexus is formed via contributions from the T12-L4 spinal cord segment. The plexus is responsible for the motor and sensory innervation of portions of the lower extremities and some parts of the lower abdomen and pelvis. Nerves arising from the plexus include the Iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, femoral nerve, obturator, and nerve to the lumbosacral trunk.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      24.4
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Bladder neck closure and relaxation of the bladder is mediated by? ...

    Incorrect

    • Bladder neck closure and relaxation of the bladder is mediated by?

      Your Answer: Parasympathetic Fibres S2, S3,S4

      Correct Answer: Sympathetic Fibres L1,L2

      Explanation:

      The neck of the bladder is surrounded by the internal sphincter. It is supplied by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves of the splanchnic nerve. Parasympathetic stimulation causes the detrusor muscle to contract and the internal urethral sphincter to relax. It Is predominantly by the parasympathetic nerves S2-S4. Relaxation of the bladder is caused by inhibiting the sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons and exciting the lumbar sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Remember SYMPATHETIC is for STORAGE and PARASYMPATHETIC is for PEEING.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      8.1
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Pelvic ligaments can change at term resulting in? ...

    Correct

    • Pelvic ligaments can change at term resulting in?

      Your Answer: Enlargement of the pelvic cavity

      Explanation:

      The pelvis is supported by a variety of ligaments. At term, these ligaments allow for variation in its structure such that the overall size of the pelvic cavity is increased in order to accommodate the upcoming foetus into the cavity.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      11
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - During the filling phase of micturition. At what bladder volume is the first...

    Correct

    • During the filling phase of micturition. At what bladder volume is the first urge to void felt?

      Your Answer: 150ml

      Explanation:

      The normal functional bladder capacity is around 400-600ml. First urge to void is typically felt when the bladder is approximately 150ml full.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      8.3
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Which of the following leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen?

      Your Answer: Perineal Nerve

      Correct Answer: Pudendal Nerve

      Explanation:

      The pudendal nerve arises from the S2-S4 nerve roots and it lies medial to the internal pudendal artery while exiting the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen. It curves around the sacrospinous ligament and re-enters the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen and from there it runs medial to the ischial tuberosity over the obturator internus in the pudendal canal to the deep perineal pouch.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      6.7
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - The inguinal canal is reinforced posteriorly by which structure? ...

    Incorrect

    • The inguinal canal is reinforced posteriorly by which structure?

      Your Answer: Lacunar ligament

      Correct Answer: Conjoint tendon

      Explanation:

      The Conjoint tendon AKA Inguinal falx reinforces the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. The inguinal and lacunar ligaments are part of the floor The aponeurosis of external oblique is the major component of the anterior wall with fibres of internal oblique reinforcing the lateral part

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      15.7
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - The arcuate line forms part of the border of the pelvic brim. Where...

    Correct

    • The arcuate line forms part of the border of the pelvic brim. Where is it located?

      Your Answer: Ilium

      Explanation:

      Arcuate means ‘bow shaped’ and there are different arcuate lines in anatomical terms. Regarding the pelvic brim this is composed of the arcuate line of the ilium, pectineal line and prominences of sacrum and pubic symphysis (as demonstrated in the images below). As can be seen the arcuate line is a smooth rounded border on the internal surface of the ilium inferior to the iliac fossa and Iliacus. Image sourced from Wikipedia Note: The pelvic outlet is also called the inferior aperture. The pelvic brim is the superior aperture

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      9.1
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Which of the following structures does the broad ligament contain? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following structures does the broad ligament contain?

      Your Answer: Uterine artery

      Explanation:

      The broad ligament is one of the secondary supporting structures of the uterus which attaches the lateral portion of the uterus to the pelvic sidewall. The broad ligament primarily serves a protective layer for important structures including the fallopian tubes, the ovaries, the ovarian arteries, and the uterine arteries, the round and ovarian ligaments, and the infundibulopelvic ligaments.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      14.1
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - Which two nerves provide the primary cutaneous sensory innervation to the labia majora?...

    Incorrect

    • Which two nerves provide the primary cutaneous sensory innervation to the labia majora?

      Your Answer: Anterior femoral and genitofemoral

      Correct Answer: Ilioinguinal and pudendal

      Explanation:

      The Pudendal provides cutaneous innervation to the posterior external genitalia via one of its terminal branches called the perineal nerve (this further branches into the posterior labial nerves or posterior scrotal nerve in men). The ilioinguinal nerve provides anterior sensation via the anterior labial nerves (anterior scrotal nerve in men). The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve contributes some fibres to the skin of the mons pubis and labia majora in females. The posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh sometimes overlaps sensory areas.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      12.2
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - A patient undergoes surgery for a vaginal vault prolapse. After surgery she complains...

    Incorrect

    • A patient undergoes surgery for a vaginal vault prolapse. After surgery she complains of numbness and groin pain. You assess her and find the numb area is the anterior aspect of the labia. Which nerve has likely been damaged during surgery?

      Your Answer: Perineal

      Correct Answer: Ilioinguinal

      Explanation:

      This describes the sensory area supplied by the ilioinguinal nerve. This is a potential complication with pelvic surgery.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      10.3
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - Which nerves innervate the internal anal sphincter? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which nerves innervate the internal anal sphincter?

      Your Answer: Perineal

      Correct Answer: Pelvic Splanchnic

      Explanation:

      The anal sphincters are responsible for closing the anal canal to the passage of faeces and flatus. The smooth muscle or involuntary internal sphincter sustains contraction to prevent the leakage of faeces between bowel movements and is innervated by the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which are a branch of the spinal segment 4. The external sphincter is made up of skeletal muscle and can therefore contract and relax voluntarily. Its innervation comes from the inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve, and the perineal branch of S4 nerve roots.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      7.9
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - The round ligament develops from which structure? ...

    Incorrect

    • The round ligament develops from which structure?

      Your Answer: Allantois

      Correct Answer: Gubernaculum

      Explanation:

      The round ligament is a remnant of the gubernaculum in females. In males it persists as the scrotal ligament.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      9.9
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - Which of the following arteries branches directly from the aorta? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following arteries branches directly from the aorta?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Ovarian

      Explanation:

      The ovarian artery takes its origin directly from the aorta. While the uterine and the vaginal arteries are all branches of the internal iliac artery.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 15 - You are reviewing a patient who is complaining of pain and numbness to...

    Incorrect

    • You are reviewing a patient who is complaining of pain and numbness to the proximal medial thigh following abdominal hysterectomy. You suspect genitofemoral nerve injury. What spinal segment(s) is the genitofemoral nerve derived from?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: L1,L2

      Explanation:

      The genitofemoral nerves takes its origin from the L1 and L2 spinal segments.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 16 - The median umbilical ligament is a remnant of what structure? ...

    Incorrect

    • The median umbilical ligament is a remnant of what structure?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Urachus

      Explanation:

      MEDIAL umbilical ligament = remnant fetal umbilical arteries
      MEDIAN umbilical ligament = remnant of urachus

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 17 - The inferior 1/3 of the rectum is principally supplied by which artery? ...

    Incorrect

    • The inferior 1/3 of the rectum is principally supplied by which artery?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Middle rectal artery

      Explanation:

      Remember the inferior rectal artery supplies the anus. The middle rectal artery is the principle supply to the lower 1/3 rectum. The rectal arteries do form an anastomosis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 18 - The femoral triangle is bounded medially by which of the following structures? ...

    Incorrect

    • The femoral triangle is bounded medially by which of the following structures?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Adductor longus

      Explanation:

      The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by the inguinal ligament which forms the base of the triangle, medially by the lateral border of the adductor longus and laterally by the sartorius muscle.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 19 - The pelvis includes which of the following bones: ...

    Incorrect

    • The pelvis includes which of the following bones:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum & coccyx

      Explanation:

      The pelvic skeleton is formed posteriorly (in the area of the back), by the sacrum and the coccyx and laterally and anteriorly (forward and to the sides), by a pair of hip bones. Each hip bone consists of 3 sections, ilium, ischium, and pubis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 20 - The ascending colon drains into the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). What vein does...

    Incorrect

    • The ascending colon drains into the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). What vein does the SMV drain into?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Hepatic portal vein

      Explanation:

      The superior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      0
      Seconds

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