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Question 1
Incorrect
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The ovarian artery is a branch of the:
Your Answer: Internal iliac artery
Correct Answer: Aorta
Explanation:The ovarian artery is an artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the ovary in females. It arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal artery. It can be found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary, anterior to the ovarian vein and ureter.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 2
Incorrect
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The roof of the femoral triangle is formed by which structure?
Your Answer: Adductor longus
Correct Answer: Fascia lata
Explanation:Boundaries of the Femoral Triangle: Superior: Inguinal ligament Medial: Medial border of the adductor longus Lateral: Medial border of the sartorius Floor: Pectineus, Adductor longus and Iliopsoas muscles Roof: Fascia Lata (cribriform fascia at the saphenous opening) Trasversalis fascia forms part of the roof of the inguinal canal
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 3
Incorrect
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The inguinal canal is reinforced posteriorly by which structure?
Your Answer: External oblique aponeurosis
Correct Answer: Conjoint tendon
Explanation:The Conjoint tendon AKA Inguinal falx reinforces the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. The inguinal and lacunar ligaments are part of the floor The aponeurosis of external oblique is the major component of the anterior wall with fibres of internal oblique reinforcing the lateral part
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 4
Correct
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The ureters receive autonomic supply from which spinal segments?
Your Answer: T11-L2
Explanation:The ureters receive innervation by a number of nerve plexuses. The nerves supplying the ureters originate from spinal segments T11 to L2. When you think about ureteric colic giving classic ‘loin to groin’ pain it is because the pain is referred to these dermatomes.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 5
Incorrect
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You are reviewing a patient who is complaining of pain and numbness to the right anterior aspect of her labia following abdominal hysterectomy. You suspect ilioinguinal nerve injury. What spinal segment is the ilioinguinal nerve derived from?
Your Answer: L2,L3
Correct Answer: L1
Explanation:Ilioinguinal nerve injury is one of the most common nerve injuries associated with pelvic surgery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 6
Correct
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During vertex presentation, the position is determined by relationship of which part of the fetal vertex to the mother's pelvis?
Your Answer: Occiput
Explanation:A cephalic presentation is the one where head of the foetus enters the pelvic cavity at the time of delivery. The commonest form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation in which the occiput of the foetus enters the birth canal.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 7
Incorrect
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What is the anatomical landmark used for gauging the station of the fetal head during labour?
Your Answer: Pubic symphysis
Correct Answer: Ischial Spine
Explanation:The ischial spines and palpable through the vagina and are used as landmarks to assess the decent of the fetal head from the cervix. It also serves as a landmark for giving the pudendal block.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 8
Incorrect
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Leydig cells contain receptors to which hormone?
Your Answer: Testosterone
Correct Answer: LH
Explanation:The Leydig cells contain receptors to the luteinizing hormone which in turn is responsible for the production of testosterone. This circulates in the body predominantly bound to transport proteins and to a lesser extent to albumin.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 9
Incorrect
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The broad ligament contains which of the following structures?
Your Answer: Ureters
Correct Answer: Uterine artery
Explanation:The contents of the broad ligament:
Fallopian tubes
Ovarian artery
Uterine artery
Ovarian ligament
Round ligament of uterus -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 10
Incorrect
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The posterior scrotal artery is a branch of which artery?
Your Answer: Ilioinguinal
Correct Answer: Internal Pudendal
Explanation:The posterior scrotal artery is a terminal branch of the perineal artery which is a branch of the internal pudendal artery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 11
Incorrect
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Sertoli cells contain receptors to which hormone?
Your Answer: Testosterone
Correct Answer: FSH
Explanation:Sertoli cells contain receptors for FSH. In response to this Sertoli cells synthesize inhibin, androgen binding proteins and anti Mullerian hormone all which are connected to the reproduction cycle.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 12
Correct
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Which of the following arteries branches directly from the aorta?
Your Answer: Ovarian
Explanation:The ovarian artery takes its origin directly from the aorta. While the uterine and the vaginal arteries are all branches of the internal iliac artery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 13
Incorrect
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A patient undergoes oophorectomy and the ovarian veins are ligated. Which vein does the left ovary drain into?
Your Answer: Inferior vena cava
Correct Answer: Left renal
Explanation:The right ovarian vein ascends and enters the inferior vena cava and the left ovarian vein drains into the longer left renal vein.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 14
Correct
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A patient undergoes surgery for a vaginal vault prolapse. After surgery she complains of numbness and groin pain. You assess her and find the numb area is the anterior aspect of the labia. Which nerve has likely been damaged during surgery?
Your Answer: Ilioinguinal
Explanation:This describes the sensory area supplied by the ilioinguinal nerve. This is a potential complication with pelvic surgery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 15
Correct
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Regarding the rectus sheath which of the following statements are true?
Your Answer: Above the arcuate line the internal oblique divides into two lamellae
Explanation:The rectus sheath is formed by the aponeurosis of the internal and external oblique muscles and the transversus abdominus muscle. The internal oblique divides into two lamellae and encloses the rectus muscle. Anteriorly it fuses with the aponeurosis of the external oblique and posteriorly with that of the transverus abdominus. Below the arcuate line the aponeurosis of all the flat muscles lies anteriorly and posteriorly it is only enclosed by the transveralis fascia.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 16
Incorrect
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Which of the following statements regarding the Vaginal artery is typically TRUE?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: It arises from the Internal iliac artery
Explanation:The Vaginal artery, like the Uterine artery is typically a branch of the Internal Iliac artery. It can sometimes arise as a branch of the Uterine artery so it is important to read the question (if the stem stated it CAN arise from the Uterine artery then that would be true)
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 17
Incorrect
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Regarding lymph drainage of the lower vagina where does the majority of lymph drain to?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Inguinal nodes
Explanation:Lymphatic vessels from the vagina drain from the parts of the vagina as follows:
• Superior part: to the internal and external iliac lymph nodes.
• Middle part: to the internal iliac lymph nodes.
• Inferior part: to the sacral and common iliac nodes. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 18
Incorrect
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Which two nerves provide the primary cutaneous sensory innervation to the labia majora?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Ilioinguinal and pudendal
Explanation:The Pudendal provides cutaneous innervation to the posterior external genitalia via one of its terminal branches called the perineal nerve (this further branches into the posterior labial nerves or posterior scrotal nerve in men). The ilioinguinal nerve provides anterior sensation via the anterior labial nerves (anterior scrotal nerve in men). The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve contributes some fibres to the skin of the mons pubis and labia majora in females. The posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh sometimes overlaps sensory areas.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 19
Incorrect
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Question 20
Incorrect
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If your patient is 8 weeks pregnant which one of the following USS measurements is most useful?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Crown rump length
Explanation:Fetal crown-rump length (CRL) is recommended over last menstrual period for estimating GA when measured in early pregnancy i.e. before 9 to 13+6 weeks.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 21
Incorrect
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Which of the following is contained within the deep perineal pouch?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Proximal portion of urethra
Explanation:The proximal portion of urethra in females or membranous urethra in males is in the deep perineal pouch
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 22
Incorrect
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At the time of delivery, if there is a laceration of perineal body but not the anal sphincter, this type of laceration is classified as?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Second degree
Explanation:Perineal tears are common at the time of child birth. First degree perineal laceration means that the wound is so small that it doesn’t require any stitches and usually heals on its own. 2nd degree means that skin and smooth muscles are both torn. 3rd degree tear means that the tear is beyond the perineal muscles and the muscles surrounding the anal canal, while in 4th degree, the perineal tear goes through the anal sphincter up to the rectum.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 23
Incorrect
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Regarding the Pituitary gland which of the following statements is true?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: It is surrounded by the sella turcica
Explanation:The Sella turcica is composed of three parts:
1. The tuberculum sellae (horn of saddle): a variable slight to prominent median elevation forming the posterior
boundary of the prechiasmatic sulcus and the anterior boundary of the hypophysial fossa.
2. The hypophysial fossa (pituitary fossa): a median depression (seat of saddle) in the body of the sphenoid that accommodates the pituitary gland (L. hypophysis).
3. The dorsum sellae (back of saddle): a square plate of bone projecting superiorly from the body of the sphenoid.
It forms the posterior boundary of the Sella turcica, and its prominent superolateral angles make up the posterior clinoid processes. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 24
Incorrect
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What are the branches of the pudendal nerves in women?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Perineal, inferior anal and dorsal nerve of clitoris
Explanation:The pudendal nerve provides sensory and motor innervation to regions of the anus, the perineum, the labia and the clitoris in women. The nerve is formed from the ventral rami of the S2-S4 sacral spinal nerves. The nerve is paired, each innervating the left and the right side of the body. The nerve gives the following branches in females: the inferior anal nerve, the perineal nerve and the dorsal nerve of the clitoris.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 25
Incorrect
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Question 26
Incorrect
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Uterine Cervix:
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Is the portion of the uterus below the isthmus
Explanation:The uterus is divisible into two portions. The portion above the isthmus is termed the body, and that below, the cervix. The uterine cervix is the narrow inferior segment of the uterus, which projects into the vaginal cavity. It is a fibromuscular organ lined by a mucous membrane and measures approximately 3cm in length and 2.5cm in diameter. The cervix is continuous at its superior margins with the body of the uterus and at its inferior margins with the vagina.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 27
Incorrect
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The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by which of the following structures?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Inguinal ligament
Explanation:Boundaries of the Femoral Triangle:
Superior: Inguinal ligament
Medial: Medial border of the adductor longus
Lateral: Medial border of the sartorius
Floor: Pectineus, Adductor longus and Iliopsoas muscles
Roof: Fascia Lata -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 28
Incorrect
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A patient is about to undergo a pudendal nerve block after vaginal delivery to repair an episiotomy. Which spinal segments form the pudendal nerve?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: S2, S3 and S4
Explanation:The pudendal nerve provides sensory innervation to regions of the anus, the perineum, the labia and the clitoris in women. The nerve is formed from the ventral rami of the S2-S4 sacral spinal nerves. The nerve is paired, each innervating the left and the right side of the body. Pudendal nerve blocks are indicated for analgesia of the second stage of labour, repair of an episiotomy or perineal laceration, and for minor surgeries of the lower vagina and perineum.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 29
Incorrect
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All of the following anatomical features of the pelvis favour a vaginal delivery, except?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Obstetric conjugate is less than 10 cm
Explanation:For the foetus to pass through the vagina, the obstetric conjugate should be 11cm or greater. If the diameter is less than 10 cm then its better to perform C-section as the labour might not progress. All the other options favour a normal vaginal delivery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 30
Incorrect
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Which of the following terms best describes the pelvic type of small posterior sagittal diameter, convergent sidewalls, prominent ischial spines, and narrow pubic arch?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Android
Explanation:There are four types pelvic shapes:
1) Android pelvis: it has a larger inlet and smaller outlet along with small posterior sagittal diameter, prominent ischial spines and has a two finger arch.
2) Gynecoid pelvis: it has a transverse or nearly a circular ellipse and it is the most favourable for delivery.
3) Anthropoid pelvis: the brim is an anteroposterior ellipse.
4) Platypelloid pelvis: in this type the pelvic brim is kidney shape -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
