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  • Question 1 - Which of the following structures of the cardiac conduction system is located in...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following structures of the cardiac conduction system is located in the right posterior portion of the interatrial septum?

      Your Answer: SA node

      Correct Answer: AV node

      Explanation:

      AV node is located at the right posterior portion of the interatrial septum.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      82.8
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - What is cardiac output? ...

    Correct

    • What is cardiac output?

      Your Answer: Product of stroke volume and heart rate

      Explanation:

      Cardiac output is the product of stroke volume and heart rate.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      15.5
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - In Starling’s law of the heart, the decrease in tension developed by muscle...

    Correct

    • In Starling’s law of the heart, the decrease in tension developed by muscle contraction at high degrees of stretch is due to:

      Your Answer: Disruption of myocardial fibers

      Explanation:

      Starling law states that the force of contraction is directly proportional to the preload. When the heart muscle is stretched beyond its limit the tension that is developed decreases, this is not due to loss of formation of effective myosin and actin cross bridges. The heart muscles despite being fully stretched is never stretched to this point. The reason for this decreased tension is physical disruption of the myocardial fibers.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      33.8
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Regarding cardiac contractility, catecholamines exert their inotropic effect via: ...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding cardiac contractility, catecholamines exert their inotropic effect via:

      Your Answer: Reduced intracellular cAMP

      Correct Answer: Î’1-adrenergic receptors and gs

      Explanation:

      Catecholamines exert their inotropic effect on the heart via the B1 adrenergic receptors and Gs, stimulating adenyl cyclase and increasing the production of cAMP.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      9.1
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Concerning surface anatomy, where is the base of the heart ...

    Incorrect

    • Concerning surface anatomy, where is the base of the heart

      Your Answer: 6th intercostal space mid clavicular line

      Correct Answer: 2nd left costal to 3rd right costal cartilage

      Explanation:

      The base of the heart, also known as the superior border of the heart corresponds to a line connecting the inferior border of the 2nd left costal cartilage to the superior border of the 3rd right costal cartilage.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      48.4
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - The T-tubular system in cardiac muscle is: ...

    Incorrect

    • The T-tubular system in cardiac muscle is:

      Your Answer: Has dihydropyridine receptors which act as calcium activated Ca2+ release channels.

      Correct Answer: Transmits action potential from sarcolemma to the SR to allow for Ca2+ release into the cytoplasm

      Explanation:

      Action potentials are transmitted to the fibrils of a fiber through the T tubule system. It triggers the release of Ca 2+ from the terminal cisterns. Depolarization of the T tubules activates the sarcoplasmic reticulum through the dihydropyridine receptors, which are voltage gated calcium channels.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      446
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Which one of the following have not been shown to improve mortality in...

    Incorrect

    • Which one of the following have not been shown to improve mortality in patients with chronic heart failure?

      Your Answer: Nitrates and hydralazine

      Correct Answer: Furosemide

      Explanation:

      A number of drugs have been shown to improve mortality in patients with chronic heart failure:

      • ACE inhibitors (SAVE, SOLVD, CONSENSUS)
      • spironolactone (RALES)
      • beta-blockers (CIBIS)
      • hydralazine with nitrates (VHEFT-1)

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      16.8
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Which of the following suggests the presence of mitral regurgitation as well as...

    Correct

    • Which of the following suggests the presence of mitral regurgitation as well as mitral stenosis?

      Your Answer: Displaced apex beat

      Explanation:

      Mitral stenosis on its own does not lead to left ventricular dilatation and hence a displaced apex beat. Thus a displaced apex beat is suggestive of mixed mitral disease. The other options occur in mitral stenosis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      11.2
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - The following products of the vascular endothelium produce vasodilation except: ...

    Incorrect

    • The following products of the vascular endothelium produce vasodilation except:

      Your Answer: Prostacyclin

      Correct Answer: Endothelin

      Explanation:

      Endothelin: This is incorrect in the context of vasodilation. Endothelin is actually a potent vasoconstrictor produced by the endothelium, leading to the narrowing of blood vessels and increased blood pressure.

      Nitrous oxide (Nitric oxide): This is correct for vasodilation. Nitric oxide is a powerful vasodilator produced by the endothelium, which helps relax and widen blood vessels.

      Prostacyclin: This is correct for vasodilation. Prostacyclin (PGI2) is a vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation, helping to maintain blood flow and reduce clot formation.

      Endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF): This is correct for vasodilation. EDHF causes vasodilation by hyperpolarizing the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels.

      Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF): This is correct for vasodilation. VEGF primarily promotes the growth of new blood vessels but also has vasodilatory effects through nitric oxide production.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      18.6
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - Myocardial fibers have a resting membrane potential of approximately: ...

    Correct

    • Myocardial fibers have a resting membrane potential of approximately:

      Your Answer: -90mv

      Explanation:

      The resting membrane potential of the mammalian heart is about -90 mv.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiovascular
      • Medicine
      6.2
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Cardiovascular (4/10) 40%
Medicine (4/10) 40%
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