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  • Question 1 - Critical shortening of Telomeres result in: ...

    Incorrect

    • Critical shortening of Telomeres result in:

      Your Answer: Activation of DNA polymerase

      Correct Answer: Activation of p53 and prb and cell crisis

      Explanation:

      Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences at the ends of chromosomes that protect them from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes. Each time a cell divides, its telomeres shorten. When they become critically short, they can no longer protect the chromosome ends, triggering a DNA damage response.

      This response leads to the activation of tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRb (retinoblastoma protein). Activated p53 can induce cell cycle arrest, allowing time for DNA repair or triggering apoptosis if the damage is irreparable. Similarly, pRb helps regulate cell cycle progression and can halt the cell cycle to prevent the proliferation of cells with damaged DNA.

      As a result, the cell enters a state of crisis, characterized by widespread cell death and genomic instability, which ultimately prevents the propagation of cells with critically shortened telomeres.

      Therefore, the correct answer is:

      Activation of p53 and pRb and cell crisis

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Genetics
      • Medicine
      10.8
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Male to male transmission is a key factor of which type of inheritance?...

    Incorrect

    • Male to male transmission is a key factor of which type of inheritance?

      Your Answer: X linked recessive

      Correct Answer: Autosomal dominant

      Explanation:

      Autosomal dominant type of inheritance can include both sexes in the same ratio. There is no skipping a generation and father to son transmission is common. The passing of the trait is sex independent.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Genetics
      • Medicine
      12.1
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - When during the cell cycle do the centrioles replicate? ...

    Incorrect

    • When during the cell cycle do the centrioles replicate?

      Your Answer: S phase

      Correct Answer: G1 phase

      Explanation:

      During G1 phase the cell will prepare for cell division. All the organelles will start to duplicate in this phase and the cell will begin to grow whilst proteins are also synthesized.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Genetics
      • Medicine
      7.6
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - What is the protective hexametric sequence at the ends of chromosomes called? ...

    Correct

    • What is the protective hexametric sequence at the ends of chromosomes called?

      Your Answer: Telomere

      Explanation:

      Telomeres are non coding DNA plus proteins that are found at the end of the linear chromosomes. They maintain the integrity of the chromosomes and prevent their shortening.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Genetics
      • Medicine
      16.2
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Which of the following are true when it comes to tumour suppressor genes:...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following are true when it comes to tumour suppressor genes:

      Your Answer: Mutation in the Rb gene leads to retinoblastoma

      Correct Answer: All of the options are true

      Explanation:

      All of the above mentioned statements are true regarding tumour suppressor genes. Tumour suppressor genes generally follow the two-hit hypothesis, which implies that both alleles that code for a particular protein must be affected before an effect is manifested.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Genetics
      • Medicine
      10.1
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - Regarding Gene Knockout Mouse Models, all are true except: ...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding Gene Knockout Mouse Models, all are true except:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: In knockout mouse models a gene is turned on through targeted mutation

      Explanation:

      In knockout mouse models, a gene is not turned on but rather turned off or “knocked out” through targeted mutation. This involves disrupting or deleting the gene to study the effects of its loss of function. Knockout models are crucial for understanding the roles of specific genes, particularly those with unknown functions.

      The other statements are true:

      • Knockout models are important in studying the roles of sequenced genes with unknown function.
      • RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms) can be subcategorized as SLP (single locus probe) and MLP (multi locus probe).
      • RFLP analysis is slow and cumbersome and is now largely obsolete, having been replaced by more efficient techniques.
      • Sequence changes involved in RFLP can be analyzed more quickly by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Genetics
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Which statement is correct regarding mRNA? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which statement is correct regarding mRNA?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: mRNAs are mainly found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of a cell.

      Explanation:

      mRNA is transcribed from DNA and is carried to the cytosol to be translated. Hence it is mainly found in the cytosol and the nucleus of a cell. It is single stranded and contains the base uracil instead of thymine.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Genetics
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - The enzyme responsible for telomeres maintaining their length after cell division is called:...

    Incorrect

    • The enzyme responsible for telomeres maintaining their length after cell division is called:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Telomerase

      Explanation:

      Telomerase is the enzyme responsible for maintenance of the length of telomeres by addition of guanine-rich repetitive sequences. Telomerase activity is exhibited in gametes and stem and tumor cells.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Genetics
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - At the end of which phase will P53 halt the cell cycle? ...

    Incorrect

    • At the end of which phase will P53 halt the cell cycle?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: G1 phase

      Explanation:

      P53 regulates the cell cycle. It regulates the progression from G1 to S phase

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Genetics
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - The process by which RNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis and transferred...

    Incorrect

    • The process by which RNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis and transferred onto a membrane sheet is called:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Northern blotting

      Explanation:

      Blots of the gel can be made from using nitrocellulose paper. Northern blots are produced when a fragment of radioactive DNA hybridize with RNA on a nitrocellulose blot of a gel and southern blots are produced when DNA hybrize with DNA on a nitrocellulose blot of the gel.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Genetics
      • Medicine
      0
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Genetics (1/5) 20%
Medicine (1/5) 20%
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