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  • Question 1 - Which of the following is NOT one of the cardinal features of acute...

    Correct

    • Which of the following is NOT one of the cardinal features of acute inflammation:

      Your Answer: Discharge

      Explanation:

      Classic signs:
      Rubor (redness)
      Calor (heat)
      Dolour (pain)
      Tumour (swelling)
      Functio laesa (loss of function)
      These classic signs are produced by a rapid vascular response and cellular events. The main function of these events is to bring elements of the immune system to the site of injury and prevent further tissue damage.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      4.2
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - Fibrinoid necrosis is typically seen in which of the following: ...

    Correct

    • Fibrinoid necrosis is typically seen in which of the following:

      Your Answer: Malignant hypertension

      Explanation:

      Fibrinoid necrosis occurs in malignant hypertension where increased arterial pressure results in necrosis of smooth muscle wall. Eosinophilic and fibrinous deposits are seen.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      5.3
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - Which of the following is NOT an effect of cytokine activity: ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following is NOT an effect of cytokine activity:

      Your Answer: Opsonisation of bacteria for phagocytosis

      Explanation:

      Cytokines are a family of chemical messengers, secreted by leucocytes, that act over short distances by binding specific receptors on target cell surfaces. They include: interleukins (act between leucocytes), interferons (inhibit replication of viruses within cells and activate macrophages and natural killer cells), growth factors, and tumour necrosis factors (kill tumour cells). Effects include: induction of fever and acute phase response, stimulation of leucocyte differentiation and maturation, leucocyte recruitment and activation and increased antibody production.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      5.7
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - Fat necrosis is typically seen in which of the following: ...

    Correct

    • Fat necrosis is typically seen in which of the following:

      Your Answer: Acute pancreatitis

      Explanation:

      Fat necrosis typically occurs following either direct trauma or from enzymatic lipolysis in acute pancreatitis, where release of triglyceride elicits a rapid inflammatory response and fat is phagocytosed by neutrophils and macrophages with subsequent fibrosis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      4.8
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Langhans giant cells, seen in granulomatous inflammation. are: ...

    Correct

    • Langhans giant cells, seen in granulomatous inflammation. are:

      Your Answer: Multinucleated cells formed from fusion of epithelioid cells

      Explanation:

      A granuloma is a collection of five or more epithelioid macrophages, with or without attendant lymphocytes and fibroblasts; epithelioid macrophages are altered macrophages which have turned themselves over to becoming giant phagocytosing and killing machines, they often fuse to become multinucleate (Langhans) giant cells.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      3.7
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - You are about to perform a blood test on a patient suspected of...

    Correct

    • You are about to perform a blood test on a patient suspected of having systemic lupus erythematosus. Which antibodies will indicate a positive result of systemic lupus erythematosus?

      Your Answer: Anti-nuclear antibodies

      Explanation:

      Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are autoantibodies to the cells’ nucleus.

      The ANA test is the most sensitive diagnostic test for verifying the disease’s diagnosis.

      Other autoantibodies that may be found in SLE patients include rheumatoid factor, antiphospholipid antibodies, and antimitochondrial antibodies.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      10.6
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Caseous necrosis is typically seen in which of the following: ...

    Correct

    • Caseous necrosis is typically seen in which of the following:

      Your Answer: Tuberculosis

      Explanation:

      Caseous necrosis is most commonly seen in tuberculosis. Histologically, the complete loss of normal tissue architecture is replaced by amorphous, granular and eosinophilic tissue with a variable amount of fat and an appearance reminiscent of cottage cheese.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      5.9
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - A 24 year old male sustained an insect bite and presents with a...

    Correct

    • A 24 year old male sustained an insect bite and presents with a red hot arm and acute cellulitis has been diagnosed. The predominant white cells in this type of acute inflammation are:

      Your Answer: Neutrophils

      Explanation:

      Neutrophil polymorphs are the predominant type of white cells in an acute reaction. They pass between endothelial cell junctions to invade damaged tissue so that the effects of injury can be combated. Extravasation occurs with the movement of leukocytes out of the vessel lumen, and is achieved in five phases which are margination, ‘rolling’, adhesion, transmigration and chemotaxis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      5.4
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Liquefactive necrosis is most commonly seen in which of the following conditions: ...

    Incorrect

    • Liquefactive necrosis is most commonly seen in which of the following conditions:

      Your Answer: Myocardial infarction

      Correct Answer: Ischaemic stroke

      Explanation:

      Liquefactive necrosis results in the loss of all cellular structure and the formation of a soft, semi-solid mass. This is commonly seen in the brain after a cerebral infarction.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      5.9
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - C-reactive protein (CRP) synthesis is predominantly stimulated by which of the following cytokines:...

    Correct

    • C-reactive protein (CRP) synthesis is predominantly stimulated by which of the following cytokines:

      Your Answer: IL-6

      Explanation:

      Activated leukocytes, adipocytes, and endothelial cells all release interleukin 6 (IL-6), a significant proinflammatory cytokine. The main downstream mediator of the acute phase response is C-reactive protein, which is predominantly produced by IL-6–dependent hepatic biosynthesis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Inflammatory Responses
      • Pathology
      1.7
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Inflammatory Responses (9/10) 90%
Pathology (9/10) 90%
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