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  • Question 1 - Which among the following antibacterial regimens is considered the most appropriate to prescribe...

    Incorrect

    • Which among the following antibacterial regimens is considered the most appropriate to prescribe in a patient presenting with clinical signs and symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease?

      Your Answer: Doxycylcine plus metronidazole

      Correct Answer: Ceftriaxone plus doxycycline plus metronidazole

      Explanation:

      The endocervix is the most common site of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in women. Symptoms of infection, when present, include dysuria, cervical discharge, and lower abdominal pain. However, 50% of cases in women may be asymptomatic leading to complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which may cause sterility, ectopic pregnancy, or perihepatitis.

      PID is also known as Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome is defined as an inflammation of the upper genital tract due to an infection in women. The disease affects the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It is typically an ascending infection, spreading from the lower genital tract.

      The recommended intramuscular or oral regimens for PID are as follows:

      Ceftriaxone at 500 mg IM in a single dose (for persons weighing ≥150 kg, administer 1 g of ceftriaxone); plus doxycycline at 100 mg PO BID for 14 days with metronidazole at 500 mg PO BID for 14 days.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Microbiology
      • Specific Pathogen Groups
      11.9
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - While studying fluid homeostasis in the body, you encounter the term exudate. Exudate...

    Incorrect

    • While studying fluid homeostasis in the body, you encounter the term exudate. Exudate is a fluid that leaks out of the intravascular space due to changes in the permeability of the microcirculation secondary to inflammation.

      Which ONE of the following conditions would not be listed among the causes of an exudate?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Myxoedema

      Explanation:

      An exudate is an inflammatory fluid that leaks out of the intravascular space due to increased vascular permeability and intravascular pressure. It is mostly caused by local processes and can occur in the following conditions:
      1) Infection (e.g. pneumonia)
      2) Malignancy
      3) Pericarditis
      4) Collagen vascular diseases, e.g., Rheumatoid Arthritis

      Myxoedema is a state of severe hypothyroidism in which deposition of mucopolysaccharides occurs in the dermis. This causes a transudative effusion, typically in the pretibial region.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • General Pathology
      • Pathology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - About what percentage of filtered Na+is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule: ...

    Incorrect

    • About what percentage of filtered Na+is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: 65 - 70%

      Explanation:

      Of the filtered sodium, about 65% is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Physiology
      • Renal
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - A dermatological examination of a patient presenting with a lump shows a visible...

    Incorrect

    • A dermatological examination of a patient presenting with a lump shows a visible collection of fluid measuring 0.3 cm in diameter.

      Which one of these best describes the lump you have found on examination?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Vesicle

      Explanation:

      A vesicle is a visible collection of fluid measuring less than 0.5 cm in diameter.

      A furuncle, or boil, is a pyogenic infection of the hair follicle commonly caused by infection with Staphylococcus aureus.

      A carbuncle is a collection of individual boils clustered together.

      A bulla is a visible collection of clear fluid measuring greater than 0.5 cm in diameter.

      A pustule is a small visible skin elevation containing an accumulation of pus.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • General Pathology
      • Pathology
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      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of megaloblastic anaemia? ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of megaloblastic anaemia?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Raised reticulocyte count

      Explanation:

      The LDH level is usually markedly increased in severe megaloblastic anaemia. Reticulocyte counts are inappropriately low, representing a lack of production of RBCs due to massive intramedullary haemolysis. These findings are characteristics of ineffective haematopoiesis that occurs in megaloblastic anaemia as well as in other disorders such as thalassemia major.
      The common feature in megaloblastosis is a defect in DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells. To a lesser extent, RNA and protein synthesis are impaired. Unbalanced cell growth and impaired cell division occur since nuclear maturation is arrested. More mature RBC precursors are destroyed in the bone marrow prior to entering the bloodstream (intramedullary haemolysis).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Haematology
      • Pathology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - In patients who are not at risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure but are...

    Incorrect

    • In patients who are not at risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure but are requiring oxygen, the oxygen saturations should be maintained at which of the following?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: 94 - 98%

      Explanation:

      Oxygen saturation should be 94 – 98% in most acutely ill patients with a normal or low arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2). In some clinical situations, however, like cardiac arrest and carbon monoxide poisoning, it is more appropriate to aim for the highest possible oxygen saturation until the patient is stable.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Pharmacology
      • Respiratory
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      Seconds

  • Question 7 - Regarding gas exchange at the alveolar-capillary membrane, which of the following statements is...

    Incorrect

    • Regarding gas exchange at the alveolar-capillary membrane, which of the following statements is CORRECT:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Transfer of oxygen is usually perfusion-limited.

      Explanation:

      Gas exchange between alveolar air and blood in the pulmonary capillaries takes place by diffusion across the alveolar-capillary membrane. Diffusion occurs from an area of high partial pressure to an area of low partial pressure, thus the driving force for diffusion is the alveolar-capillary partial pressure gradient. Diffusion occurs until equilibrium is reached, but random movement of particles continues to occur and this is known as dynamic equilibrium. The diffusing capacity for oxygen (DLO2) cannot be measured directly but the rate of diffusion in the lungs can be estimated by measuring the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO), not by measuring total lung capacity. The rate of transfer of a gas may be diffusion or perfusion limited; carbon monoxide transfer is diffusion-limited, oxygen transfer is usually perfusion-limited.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Physiology
      • Respiratory
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - A 20-year-old asthmatic patient's symptoms is deteriorating and patient is moved to the...

    Incorrect

    • A 20-year-old asthmatic patient's symptoms is deteriorating and patient is moved to the resuscitation area of the Emergency Department. A loading dose of IV aminophylline is administered and her symptoms begin to improve. You are asked to check her theophylline levels after an appropriate time period.

      How long should you wait before taking her blood sample be taken?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: 4-6 hours

      Explanation:

      Plasma theophylline concentration is usually measured five days after starting oral treatment and three days after each dose adjustment.

      A blood sample to check theophylline concentration should usually be taken after 4-6 hours if an IV dose of aminophylline was given.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Pharmacology
      • Respiratory Pharmacology
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - Which of the following muscles are primarily involved in passive inspiration: ...

    Incorrect

    • Which of the following muscles are primarily involved in passive inspiration:

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

      Explanation:

      Passive inspiration is produced by contraction of the diaphragm (depressing the diaphragm) and the external intercostal muscles (elevating the ribs). In inspiration, elevation of the sternal ends of the ribs (‘pump handle’ movement), elevation of the lateral shafts of the ribs (‘bucket handle’ movement) and depression of the diaphragm result in expansion of the thorax in an anteroposterior, transverse and vertical direction respectively. This results in an increased intrathoracic volume and decreased intrathoracic pressure and thus air is drawn into the lungs.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Thorax
      0
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - A 50-year-old woman has an anaphylactic reaction following accidental ingestion peanuts at a...

    Incorrect

    • A 50-year-old woman has an anaphylactic reaction following accidental ingestion peanuts at a restaurant. She is a known hypertensive on atenolol 50 mg daily and BP is well controlled. She is also on amlodipine 5 mg daily. Two doses of IM adrenaline has been given without improvement.

      Which medication may prove helpful in this patient?

      Your Answer:

      Correct Answer: IM Glucagon

      Explanation:

      Resistant to the effects of adrenaline in anaphylaxis is seen in patients taking beta-blockers.

      Glucagon can be used to overcome the effects of the beta-blockade if initial doses of adrenaline are unsuccessful in patients taking beta-blockers.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Pharmacology
      • Respiratory Pharmacology
      0
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Haematology (1/1) 100%
Pathology (1/1) 100%
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