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Question 1
Correct
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You see a patient on the ward who is acutely short of breath and perform an ABG. The results are as follows
Your Answer: Respiratory Acidosis
Explanation:This patient has acidosis as the pH is low <7.35 The pO2 is irrelevant. The pCO2 is raised i.e. the respiratory system is causing acidosis. The patient is acidotic so this is a respiratory acidosis The Base Excess is normal. You would typically expect the base excess to rise but metabolic compensation is slower than respiratory compensation so this picture may be seen acutely.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Biochemistry
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Question 2
Incorrect
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A 28 year old women is seen in the early pregnancy unit. She has had a positive pregnancy test but is uncertain of her LMP. Ultrasound doesn't visualise a pregnancy. You perform bHCG tests 48 hours apart. The first bHCG is 400mIU/ml. The second is 190mIU/ml. What is the likely diagnosis
Your Answer: Ectopic Pregnancy
Correct Answer: Non-viable pregnancy
Explanation:B-HCG levels almost double every 48 hours. A B-HCG levels of less than 5 mIU/ml is considered negative and anything above 25 is considered positive. As the foetus was not visualized on ultrasound in the uterus, there is possibility that this might be an ectopic pregnancy. But since the B-HCG levels also continued to fall the pregnancy becomes non-viable.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Biochemistry
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Question 3
Incorrect
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Which of the following prolongs Prothrombin time?
Your Answer: Von Willebrand disease
Correct Answer: Factor V deficiency
Explanation:Prothrombin time is increased in:
– Factor V deficiency
– Vitamin K deficiency (which affects factors 2,7 and 10)
– Warfarin therapy
– Severe liver failure
Protein C is an anticoagulant and deficiency results in a hyper-coagulable state with tendency towards thrombosis. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Biochemistry
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Question 4
Correct
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Which of the following pathology terms refers to programmed cell death?
Your Answer: Apoptosis
Explanation:Apoptosis is described as programmed cell death. The cell release certain proapoptotic mediators that regulate this cell death.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Biochemistry
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Question 5
Incorrect
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What is the main biochemical buffer in blood?
Your Answer: Phosphate
Correct Answer: Bicarbonate
Explanation:Bicarbonate serves as the main buffer in the blood. Other than this phosphate, ammonia and haemoglobin also act as buffers to some extent.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Biochemistry
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Question 6
Incorrect
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Which of the following factors shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the right?
Your Answer: Decreased temperature
Correct Answer: Increased [H+]
Explanation:The following shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the right: Increased temperature Increased H+ (i.e. acidosis) Increased 2,3 DPG Increased pCO2 The following shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the left: Increasing pCO shifts the curve to the left Decreased temperature Decreased [H+] (alkalosis) Decreased 2,3 DPG The Oxygen Dissociation Curve for fetal haemoglobin lies to the left of the normal adult Oxygen Dissociation Curve as it has a higher affinity for Oxygen.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Biochemistry
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Question 7
Correct
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In the foetus where is the principle site of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) production
Your Answer: Liver
Explanation:AFP is a glycoprotein that is synthesized in the fetal liver (primarily), umbilical vesicles and the gut. It is found in elevated quantities in the fetal serum and peaks at around 14 week of gestation.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Biochemistry
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Question 8
Correct
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Question 9
Correct
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With regard to the cell cycle. In which part of the cycle does DNA replication occur?
Your Answer: Interphase
Explanation:DNA replication occurs during S phase but that isn’t one of the options. Remember Interphase comprises G1,S and G2 phases!
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Biochemistry
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Question 10
Incorrect
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Fibrinogen is activated by which of the following?
Your Answer: Tissue Factor
Correct Answer: Thrombin
Explanation:Fibrinogen is activated by thrombin which converts it into fibrin which forms a mesh to trap red blood cells and form a clot.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Biochemistry
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