-
Question 1
Correct
-
A 15-year-old girl who has undergone a recent excision of the left submandibular gland presents to the follow-up clinic with complaints of tongue weakness on the ipsilateral side.What is the nerve that is most likely to be damaged?
Your Answer: Hypoglossal nerve
Explanation:The presenting features and the surgical site provided in the clinical scenario are highly suggestive of ipsilateral hypoglossal nerve injury.Note:Three cranial nerves may be injured during submandibular gland excision.- Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve- Lingual nerve- Hypoglossal nerveHypoglossal nerve damage may result in the paralysis of the ipsilateral aspect of the tongue. The nerve itself lies deep to the capsule surrounding the gland and should not be injured during an intracapsular dissection. The lingual nerve is probably at higher risk of injury. However, the effects of lingual nerve injury are predominantly sensory rather than motor.Thus, the most appropriate answer is the hypoglossal nerve.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 2
Correct
-
Which of the following nerves provides sensory innervation to the anteromedial and anterosuperior aspects of the external ear?
Your Answer: Auriculotemporal nerve
Explanation:Sensory innervation to the external ear is supplied by both cranial and spinal nerves. Branches of the trigeminal, facial, and vagus nerves (CN V, VII, X) are the cranial nerve components, while the lesser occipital (C2, C3) and greater auricular (C2, C3) nerves are the spinal nerve components involved. The lateral surface of the tympanic membrane, the external auditory canal, and the external acoustic meatus are all innervated by nervus intermedius (a branch of CN VII), the auriculotemporal nerve (CN V3), and the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. The concha receives split innervation from nervus intermedius, the auricular branch of the vagus nerve, and the greater auricular (spinal) nerve. Beyond the concha, the anteromedial and anterosuperior parts of the pinna are innervated by the auriculotemporal nerve, and a portion of the lateral helix by the lesser occipital nerve. The greater auricular nerve provides innervation to the area of the pinna inferolateral to the lobule.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 3
Correct
-
This anatomic part lies at the heart of the tooth.
Your Answer: The pulp cavity
Explanation:Within the central portion of the tooth lies the dental pulp. The pulp chamber provides mechanical support and functions as a barrier from external stimuli and the oral microbiome. The dental pulp is a unique tissue that is richly innervated and has an extensive microvascular network. Maintaining its vitality increases both the mechanical resistance of the tooth and the long-term survival. The junctional epithelium forms a band around the tooth at the base of the gingival sulcus, sealing off the periodontal tissues from the oral cavity.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 4
Incorrect
-
What vessel is NOT considered a major branch of the descending thoracic aorta?
Your Answer: Posterior intercostal artery
Correct Answer: Inferior thyroid artery
Explanation:The descending thoracic aorta begins at the lower border of T4 near the midline as a continuation of the arch of the aorta. It descends and ends at the level of T12 at the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm, where it becomes the abdominal aorta. The aorta gives off the following branches: (descending order) 1. Bronchial arteries 2. Mediastinal arteries 3. Oesophageal arteries 4. Pericardial arteries 5. Superior phrenic arteries The posterior intercostal arteries are branches that originate throughout the length of the posterior aspect of the descending thoracic aorta. The inferior thyroid artery is usually derived from the thyrocervical trunk, a branch of the subclavian artery.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 5
Correct
-
A patient complaining of loss of taste in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue has most likely suffered damage to which nerve?
Your Answer: Facial nerve
Explanation:The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) provides motor innervation to all of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus muscle, which is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X). It runs superficial to the hyoglossus muscle. Lesions of the hypoglossal nerve cause deviation of the tongue to the ipsilateral (i.e., damaged) side.Taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is achieved through innervation from the chorda tympani nerve, a branch of the facial nerve (CN VII). General sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is by innervation from the lingual nerve, a branch of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3). The lingual nerve is located deep and medial to the hyoglossus muscle and is associated with the submandibular ganglion.On the other hand, taste to the posterior one-third of the tongue is accomplished through innervation from the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), which also provides general sensation to the posterior one-third of the tongue.Taste perception also is performed by both the epiglottis and the epiglottic region of the tongue, which receives taste and general sensation from innervation by the internal laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X). Damage to the vagus nerve (CN X) causes contralateral deviation (i.e., away from the injured side) of the uvula.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 6
Correct
-
The mandibular nerve, which is the largest of the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve, exits the cranial cavity through which foramen?
Your Answer: Foramen ovale
Explanation:At the base of the skull the foramen ovale is one of the larger of the several holes that transmit nerves through the skull. The following structures pass through foramen ovale: mandibular nerve, motor root of the trigeminal nerve, accessory meningeal artery, lesser petrosal nerve, a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve, emissary vein connecting the cavernous sinus with the pterygoid plexus of veins and occasionally the anterior trunk of the middle meningeal vein.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 7
Incorrect
-
A 50-year-old man presents with unilateral facial paralysis after being hit on the head. On examination, he has a right-sided facial nerve palsy and watery discharge from the nose. What is the most likely underlying cause?
Your Answer: Cerebrovascular accident
Correct Answer: Petrous temporal fracture
Explanation:Nasal discharge of clear fluid and a recent head injury makes basal skull fracture the most likely underlying cause for facial nerve palsy.Facial palsy is a neurological condition in which function of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) is partially or completely lost. It is often idiopathic (Bell’s palsy) but in some cases, specific causes such as trauma (e.g. temporal bone fracture), infections, or metabolic disorders can be identified. Two major types are distinguished: 1. Central facial palsy—lesion occurs between cortex and nuclei in the brainstem2. Peripheral facial palsy—lesion occurs between nuclei in the brainstem and peripheral organs Diagnosis can usually be made clinically while patient’s history often helps in evaluating the underlying aetiology.Patients with basal skull fracture following head injury (as in this case) exhibit Battle’s sign on examination. It is an indication of fracture of middle cranial fossa of the skull and consists of bruising over the mastoid process as a result of extravasation of blood along the path of the posterior auricular artery. Clinical presence of CSF leak further supports the diagnosis.Assessment options for basal skull fracture include CT and MRI scan. Idiopathic facial nerve palsy is treated with oral glucocorticoids and, in severe cases, with antivirals. Treatment of the other types depends on the underlying cause. Prophylactic antibiotics are given in cases of CSF leak.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Head & Neck
- Pathology
-
-
Question 8
Correct
-
The pterygoid plexus receives tributaries from which of the following veins?
Your Answer: Maxillary vein
Explanation:The pterygoid plexus of veins is the main venous component associated with the infratemporal fossa. It receives tributaries corresponding to the branches of the internal maxillary artery. This plexus communicates freely with the anterior facial vein; it also communicates with the cavernous sinus, by branches through the foramen of Vesalius, foramen ovale and foramen lacerum. The (internal) maxillary vein is a short trunk which accompanies the first part of the (internal) maxillary artery. It is formed by a confluence of the veins of the pterygoid plexus and passes backward between the sphenomandibular ligament and the neck of the mandible and unites with the temporal vein to form the posterior facial vein. It carries blood away from the infratemporal fossa.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 9
Incorrect
-
A 15-year-old girl presents to the clinic with a 1-week history of headaches, nasal congestion, and facial pain which becomes worse upon leaning forward. Assuming that she's suffering from sinusitis, which sinus is most commonly the site of infection?
Your Answer: Ethmoidal
Correct Answer: Maxillary
Explanation:Based on the clinical scenario, the most probable diagnosis for this patient is maxillary sinusitis.The maxillary sinus drains from its superior aspect, leaving it prone to infections. It is the most commonly affected sinus in sinusitis.Common symptoms of maxillary sinusitis include postnasal discharge, pain, headache and toothache.Radiological imaging may show a fluid level in the antrum.Common organisms causing maxillary sinusitis include Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae.Treatment with antral lavage may facilitate diagnosis and relieve symptoms. Antimicrobial therapy has to be continued for long periods. Antrostomy may be needed.Other options:- Frontal sinusitis more commonly causes intracranial complications, but it is still less frequent than maxillary sinusitis.- The petrosal sinus is not a cavity within bone; rather, it is a venous structure located beneath the brain.- Frontoethmoidal sinusitis: It usually presents with frontal headache, nasal obstruction and altered sense of smell. Inflammation may progress to involve periorbital tissues. Ocular symptoms may occur, and secondary CNS involvement brought about by infection entering via emissary veins. CT scanning is the imaging modality of choice. Early cases may be managed with antibiotics. More severe cases usually require surgical drainage.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 10
Incorrect
-
What is the innervation of the tensor tympani muscle?
Your Answer: Glossopharyngeal nerve
Correct Answer: Trigeminal nerve
Explanation:The tensor veli palatini is innervated by the medial pterygoid nerve, a branch of mandibular nerve, the third branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) – the only muscle of the palate not innervated by the pharyngeal plexus, which is formed by the vagal and glossopharyngeal nerves.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 11
Correct
-
A 60-year-old man with trauma to his cervical spine suffers from damage to the ansa cervicalis, resulting to paresis of his infrahyoid muscles. All of the following are considered infrahyoid muscles, except:
Your Answer: Mylohyoid
Explanation:Infrahyoid muscles are also known as “strap muscles” which connect the hyoid, sternum, clavicle and scapula. They are located below the hyoid bone on the anterolateral surface of the thyroid gland and are involved in movements of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage during vocalization, swallowing and mastication. They are composed of four paired muscles, organized into two layers. Superficial layer consists of the sternohyoid and omohyoid Deep layer consists of the sternothyroid and thyrohyoid.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 12
Incorrect
-
The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles are innervated by which of the following nerves:
Your Answer: Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
Correct Answer: Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
Explanation:Both the medial and lateral pterygoids are innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 13
Correct
-
Which of the following structures, is the area in which the superior cerebral veins drain into?
Your Answer: Superior sagittal sinus
Explanation:The superior cerebral veins are predominantly located on the superior aspect of the brain. They are 8 to 12 in number and they drain the lateral, medial and superior aspects of the cerebral hemispheres. These veins drain into the superior sagittal sinus, also known as the superior longitudinal sinus – which is located along the attached margin of the falx cerebri.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 14
Incorrect
-
Lisa is a 75-year-old female rushed into the emergency department by first-aid responders. The ambulance team give a history of vomiting, homonymous hemianopia, weakness of the left upper and lower limb, and dysphasia. Lisa adds that she has a headache that keeps worsening. Lisa takes Warfarin as she is a known case of atrial fibrillation. Her INR is 4.3 despite the ideal target being 2-3. CT scan of the head suggests anterior cerebral artery haemorrhage. What areas of the brain are affected by an anterior cerebral artery stroke?
Your Answer: Frontal, temporal and parietal lobes
Correct Answer: Frontal and parietal lobes
Explanation:The anterior cerebral artery supplies the midline portion of the frontal lobe and the superior medial parietal lobe of the brain. It also supplies the front four-fifths of the corpus callosum and provides blood to deep structures such as the anterior limb of the internal capsule, part of the caudate nucleus, and the anterior part of the globus pallidus. The cerebral hemispheres are supplied by arteries that make up the Circle of Willis. The Circle of Willis is formed by the anastomosis of the two internal carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries. Clinically, the internal carotid arteries and their branches are often referred to as the anterior circulation of the brain. The anterior cerebral arteries are connected by the anterior communicating artery. Near their termination, the internal carotid arteries are joined to the posterior cerebral arteries by the posterior communicating arteries, completing the cerebral arterial circle around the interpeduncular fossa, the deep depression on the inferior surface of the midbrain between the cerebral peduncles. The middle cerebral artery supplies part of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. The posterior cerebral artery supplies the occipital lobe.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 15
Incorrect
-
The tensor villi palatini muscle is a broad thin, ribbon-like muscle in the head that tenses the soft palate. Which of the following structures is associated with the tensor villi palatini muscle?
Your Answer: The hamulus of the lateral pterygoid plate
Correct Answer: The hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate
Explanation:The pterygoid hamulus is a hook-like process at the lower extremity of the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone around which the tendon of the tensor veli palatini passes.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 16
Correct
-
The collaborative effort of the lateral pterygoid muscles produces which action on the jaw?
Your Answer: Protrude the mandible
Explanation:The combined effort of the lateral pterygoid muscles results in the protrusion of the mandible. The lateral pterygoid muscle is a muscle of mastication located superiorly to the medial pterygoid muscle and has two heads. The superior head originates on the infratemporal surface and infratemporal crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, and the inferior head on the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate. The insertion of this muscle is on the front margin of the articular disc of the temporomandibular joint. The unilateral contraction of the pterygoid muscle results in the laterotrusion of the mandible. It is important to note that the lateral pterygoid muscle is the only muscle of mastication that can open the jaw.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 17
Incorrect
-
Which of the following body location is the appropriate site to apply pressure when performing a carotid sinus massage?
Your Answer: Hyoid Bone
Correct Answer: Thyroid cartilage
Explanation:The common carotid artery runs through the neck and divides into internal and external carotid arteries on both sides near the upper thyroid cartilage. In emergency situations, carotid sinus massage is also used to diagnose or treat paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. During the procedure, to maximize access to the carotid artery, the patient is put in a supine position with the neck extended (i.e. elevating the chin away from the chest). The carotid sinus is normally positioned inferior to the angle of the jaw, near the arterial impulse, at the level of the thyroid cartilage. For 5 to 10 seconds, pressure is administered to one carotid sinus. Although pulsatile pressure applied in a vigorous circular motion may be more effective, continuous pressure is preferred since it is more reproducible. If the predicted reaction is not obtained, the operation is repeated on the opposite side after a one- to two-minute wait.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 18
Correct
-
A 46 -year old patient diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis, was to undergo surgery to improve drainage from his frontal sinus to the nose. Which is a route that one would take to enter into the frontal sinus through the nasal cavity?
Your Answer: Middle meatus
Explanation:The middle meatus is a nasal passageway located inferior to the middle concha and superior to the inferior concha. On the superior aspect of this meatus is a bulge produced by the middle ethmoidal cells known as the bulla ethmoidalis. Below this bulge is a curved fissure, the hiatus semilunaris, which is also bordered inferiorly by the edge of the uncinate process of the ethmoid. It is through this curved fissure, hiatus semilunaris, that the middle meatus communicates with the frontal sinus. It first forms a communication with a curved passage way known as the infundibulum. The infundibulum anteriorly communicates with the anterior ethmoidal cells and continues upward as the frontonasal duct into the frontal sinus.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 19
Correct
-
Elevation of the eyeball is primarily produced by which of the following muscles:
Your Answer: Superior rectus and inferior oblique
Explanation:Elevation of the eyeball is produced by the superior rectus and the inferior oblique muscles.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 20
Incorrect
-
Of the following, which is NOT a branch of the abdominal aorta?
Your Answer: Superior mesenteric artery
Correct Answer: Superior phrenic artery
Explanation:The abdominal aorta begins at the level of the body of T12 near the midline, as a continuation of the thoracic aorta. It descends and bifurcates at the level of L4 into the common iliac arteries. The branches of the abdominal aorta (with their vertebra level) are: 1. Inferior phrenic arteries: T12 (upper border) 2. Coeliac artery: T12 3. Superior mesenteric artery: L1 4. Middle suprarenal arteries: L1 5. Renal arteries: Between L1 and L2 6. Gonadal arteries: L2 (in males, it is the testicular artery, and in females, the ovarian artery) 7. Inferior mesenteric artery: L3 8. Median sacral artery: L4 9. Lumbar arteries: Between L1 and L4 The superior phrenic artery branches from the thoracic aorta.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 21
Incorrect
-
A 50-year-old man has complained of persistent hoarseness and dry cough. He has a history of smoking 20 cigarettes per day. The examination reveals no significant clinical signs of cranial nerve damage. Referred to an ENT specialist, the patient is explained how coughing is usually a defence mechanism of the body which is activated more than usual by the chemical irritants in cigarette smoke. However, the ENT doctor suspects a nerve involvement in the cough reflex as the patient also presents with hoarseness with the dry cough. Which nerves is the ENT doctor suspecting to have been affected in this patient?
Your Answer: CN X and XI
Correct Answer: CN IX and X
Explanation:Cough is an important defensive reflex that helps clear secretions and particulates from the airways. A complex reflex arc generates each cough. The cough reflex begins with irritation of the cough receptors present in the epithelium of the trachea, main carina, branching points of large airways, and more distal smaller airways. These receptors are responsive to both mechanical and chemical stimuli. Afferent pathway: Impulses from stimulated receptors are transmitted via sensory nerve fibres of the vagus nerve (mainly) and glossopharyngeal nerve and travel to the medulla diffusely. CN 5 is also thought to contribute to the afferent limb. However, the vagus is the main nerve. Central pathway: The cough centre is located in the upper brain stem and pons Efferent pathway: Impulses from the centre travel via the vagus, phrenic nerve, and spinal motor nerves to the diaphragm, abdominal wall, and muscles.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 22
Correct
-
Which of the following muscles is solely contained in the anterior triangle of the neck and divides the anterior triangle into three smaller triangles?
Your Answer: Digastric
Explanation:The digastric muscle is a small muscle located under the jaw. It lies below the body of the mandible, and extends, in a curved form, from the mastoid process to the symphysis menti. The digastric divides the anterior triangle of the neck into three smaller triangles:- The submaxillary triangle, bounded above by the lower border of the body of the mandible and a line drawn from its angle to the sternocleidomastoid, below by the posterior belly of the digastric and the stylohyoid and in front by the anterior belly of the digastric- The carotid triangle, bounded above by the posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid, behind by the sternocleidomastoid and below by the omohyoid- The suprahyoid or submental triangle, bounded laterally by the anterior belly of the digastric, medially by the midline of the neck from the hyoid bone to the symphysis menti and inferiorly by the body of the hyoid bone.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 23
Incorrect
-
A 25-year-old male has tonsillitis and is in considerable pain. Which nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the tonsillar fossa?
Your Answer: Hypoglossal nerve
Correct Answer: Glossopharyngeal nerve
Explanation:A tonsillar sinus or fossa is a space that is bordered by the triangular fold of the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches in the lateral wall of the oral cavity. The palatine tonsils are in these sinuses. The glossopharyngeal nerve is the main sensory nerve for the tonsillar fossa. The tonsillar branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply the palatine tonsils forming a plexus around it. Filaments from this plexus are distributed to the soft palate and fauces where they communicate with the palatine nerves. A lesser contribution is made by the lesser palatine nerve. Because of this otalgia may occur following tonsillectomy.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 24
Incorrect
-
When the breast cancer of a 60-year old patient metastasizes and compresses the intervertebral foramina between the fourth and fifth cervical vertebrae, as well as the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae, this causes back pain. Which pair of nerves is most likely affected?
Your Answer: Sixth cervical and fifth thoracic nerves
Correct Answer: Fifth cervical and fourth thoracic nerves
Explanation:The fifth cervical nerve passes between the fourth and fifth cervical vertebrae, and the fourth thoracic nerve passes between the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae. Therefore, when the cancer metastasizes in this area, they are most likely affected.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 25
Correct
-
A patient is diagnosed with a tumour of the parotid gland. During surgical removal of the gland, which artery is vulnerable to injury?
Your Answer: External carotid artery
Explanation:The external carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck. It arises from the common carotid artery when it splits into the external and internal carotid artery. It supplies blood to the face and neck. The external carotid artery begins opposite the upper border of the thyroid cartilage and, taking a slightly curved course, passes upward and forward and then inclines backward to the space behind the neck of the mandible, where it divides into the superficial temporal and internal maxillary arteries. It rapidly diminishes in size in its course up the neck, owing to the number and large size of the branches given off from it. At its origin, this artery is more superficial and placed nearer the midline than the internal carotid and is contained within the carotid triangle. The external carotid artery is covered by the skin, superficial fascia, platysma, deep fascia and anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid. It is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve, by the lingual, ranine, common facial and superior thyroid veins; and by the digastric and stylohyoid; higher up it passes deeply into the substance of the parotid gland, where it lies deep to the facial nerve and the junction of the temporal and internal maxillary veins. It is here that it is in danger during surgery of the parotid gland.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 26
Incorrect
-
A radical neck dissection is being performed. The ENT surgeon wishes to expose the external carotid artery fully. He inserts a self-retaining retractor close to the origin of the external carotid artery. What structure lies posterolaterally to the external carotid at this point?
Your Answer: None of the above
Correct Answer: Internal carotid artery
Explanation:External carotid artery originates at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage. It ascends and lies anterior to the internal carotid arteries and posterior to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and stylohyoid muscle. The external carotid artery has eight important branches: Anterior surface: 1. Superior thyroid artery (first branch) 2. Lingual artery 3. Facial artery Medial branch 4. Ascending pharyngeal artery Posterior branches 5. Occipital artery 6. Posterior auricular artery Terminal branches 7. Maxillary artery 8. Superficial temporal artery
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 27
Correct
-
During a car accident, the side mirror shattered and a broken piece of glass severed the posterolateral aspect of the driver's neck. A physical examination reveals that the driver is unable to elevate the tip of his shoulder on the side that was injured. Which nerve was injured?
Your Answer: Accessory
Explanation:The tip of the shoulder is formed by the acromion of the scapula. This part is moved by the trapezius muscle which is innervated by the accessory nerve. Damage to this nerve therefore will prevent the patient from lifting the tip of the shoulder.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 28
Correct
-
Depression of the eyeball is primarily produced by which of the following muscles:
Your Answer: Inferior rectus and superior oblique
Explanation:Depression of the eyeball is produced by the inferior rectus and the superior oblique muscles.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 29
Correct
-
During the excision of the submandibular salivary gland, which one of the following nerves is at risk of injury as the duct is mobilised?
Your Answer: Lingual nerve
Explanation:The lingual nerve wraps around Wharton’s duct, and thus, is at risk of injury as the submandibular gland is mobilised. The lingual nerve provides sensory supply to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.Note:- Submandibular duct (Wharton’s duct): It opens lateral to the lingual frenulum on the anterior floor of the mouth. It is around 5 cm in length.- Lingual nerve wraps around Wharton’s duct. As the duct passes forwards, it crosses medial to the nerve, above it and then crosses back, lateral to it, to reach a position below the nerve.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
-
Question 30
Correct
-
Where is the mental foramen located?
Your Answer: In the mandible
Explanation:The mental foramen is found bilaterally on the anterior surface of the mandible adjacent to the second premolar tooth. The mental nerve and terminal branches of the inferior alveolar nerve and mental artery leave the mandibular canal through it.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
- Head & Neck
-
SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
